Fabrication of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) in choline chloride-citric acid (ChCl-CA) solvent to lodge antimicrobial activity

Surface-modified cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have gained substantial interest in industry. The renewability and abundance of the raw material to prepare CNCs make them a promising green material. In this study, two types were prepared by sulfuric acid (H2SO4) stepwise H2SO4 choline chloride-citric (ChCl-CA) deep eutectic solvent-like (DES) treatments. DES treatment led esterification further degradation CNCs. obtained nanoparticles distributed size range 50 nm 500 20 70 for treatments, respectively. effects on mechanical properties, thermal stability, antibacterial activity poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) determined using universal testing machine, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), agar diffusion method. results indicated that had good compatibility PVOH at concentration below 10%. greater effect properties stability films than esterified However, CA modified showed more favorable from treatment. Taking into consideration, 5% was selected as suitable composite film preparation.